Hybrid Commercial Vehicles Report

Introduction

Types of commercial vehicle hybrids

Market drivers

Operating costs 
Emissions 
Hybrid market development 
Duty cycles

CV Hybrid Technology

Types of hybrid system 
Hydraulic hybrid systems 
Eaton's Hydraulic Launch Assist™ (HLA®) 
Bosch-Rexroth’s Hydrostatic Regenerative Brake System 
Other hydraulic hybrid systems

Flywheel based hybrid

Electric hybrids

Key components and systems 
GM-Allison 2 mode system 
Siemens ELFA system 
ArvinMeritor Dual-Mode drivetrain 
BAE Systems HybriDrive

Advanced battery technology

Current battery manufacturing trends 
Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) 
Sodium nickel chloride (NaNiCl) 
Lithium-ion 
Li-ion technology improvements 
Supercapacitors and ultracapacitors 
Electric motors 
Switch reluctance machines

OEM Technologies and Strategies

Daimler 
Volvo 
Scania 
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge 
Paccar 
Iveco/ Irisbus 
Navistar

Table of figures

Figure 1: Parallel electric hybrid drivetrain for medium- and heavy-duty trucks 
Figure 2: Hydraulic hybrid drivetrain for medium and heavy-duty trucks 
Figure 3: PHEV hybrid system for a utility repair vehicle 
Figure 4: A Capstone Micro-turbine as used in DesignLine's ECOsaver hybrid bus design 
Figure 5: US hybrid truck market share estimates 
Figure 6: Commercial vehicle hybrid duty cycles versus braking characteristics 
Figure 7: The relationship between specific power and specific energy for hybrid systems 
Figure 8: Characteristics of an electric hybrid 
Figure 9: Eaton's Hydraulic Launch Assist System 
Figure 10: The Freightliner hydraulic hybrid chassis 
Figure 11: Ricardo's Kinergy high-speed flywheel energy storage system 
Figure 12: The FLYBUS prototype Kinergy energy storage system 
Figure 13: Cost evolution of hybrid batteries 
Figure 14: London bus featuring a GM-Allison 2-mode hybrid system 
Figure 15: A Van Hool bus featuring a Siemens series hybrid ELFA system 
Figure 16: ArvinMeritor's Dual-Mode hybrid system 
Figure 17: BAE Systems HybriDrive system 
Figure 18: Cost-performance of battery technologies 
Figure 19: Battery price trend forecast 
Figure 20: Battery technology evolution 
Figure 21: Energy storage overview 
Figure 22: A typical ZEBRA battery module 
Figure 23: The differing energy requirements for HEV, EV and commercial vehicle hybrid batteries 
Figure 24: Energy density versus output density in battery systems 
Figure 25: A Ragone plot showing energy density vs power density for various energy-storage devices 
Figure 26: ZF Sachs synchronous machine for CV hybrids 
Figure 27: Switch reluctance drives combined with a diesel or CNG engine in a bus application 
Figure 28: Adura's CV hybrid architecture featuring a switched reluctance traction motor 
Figure 29: Daimler's roadmap to sustainable mobility 
Figure 30: Daimler's Orion series hybrid bus 
Figure 31: Mercedes-Benz Citaro G BlueTec Hybrid 
Figure 32: Mitsubishi Fuso Canter Eco Hybrid 
Figure 33: Volvo's 7700 parallel hybrid bus 
Figure 34: Volvo prototype FE Series garbage truck 
Figure 35: Renault's Hybrys prototype for testing at Coca-Cola Belgium 
Figure 36: Scania's modular series hybrid concept 
Figure 37: Ultracapacitor layout - MAN Lion City Hybrid 
Figure 38: MAN's Lion City Hybrid bus 
Figure 39: MAN's TGL hybrid medium range truck 
Figure 40: Kenworth's T370 hybrid truck 
Figure 41: Irisbus Europolis serial hybrid 
Figure 42: Irisbus Hynovis hybrid bus