Over the past decade the world has seen the emergence of an embryonic infrastructure to serve electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles but development has been piecemeal and often far from mainstream automotive manufacturing or power generation.
Although the plug in environment has had many champions, often start-ups looking for market entry, there are still many technology and market issues to be overcome. The charging infrastructure business presents a huge a diverse range of business opportunities and new markets.
About this report
Covering all the major markets, this first edition report examines in detail the market drivers for the plug-in vehicle environment including fuel economy and CO2 emissions, fuel costs as a driver for grid-connected vehicles, energy security and incentives for key countries. It looks into the market challenges including grid capacity, standards, costs and consumer preferences as well as examining new players, collaborations and new markets.
Furthermore, the report goes on to assess current and future market challenges and includes an analysis of the market dynamics and market forecasts.
Introduction
The vehicle dimension
Grid connected vehicles as part of powertrain electrification
MARKET DRIVERS
Fuel economy and CO2 emissions
Japan
China
The European Union
China
Japan
South Korea
Canada
India
Development of the plug-in environment
Recharging infrastructure
Range Anxiety
Recharging time
Potential technology issues
Developing business models and challenges
New players, relationships and collaborations
Public infrastructure development
Table 4: Comparison of emerging business models
Private infrastructure development
Integrated solutions
Integrating the charging infrastructure through IT
Market development
New markets
Vehicle Market forecasts
List of Tables
Table 1: Battery cost evolution
Table 2: Lithium-ion battery cost breakdown
Table 3: Roles and responsibilities within the value chain
Table 4: Comparison of emerging business models
List of Figures
Figure 1: Four key dimensions associated with the plug-in vehicle environment
Figure 2: Future light vehicle fuel mix forecast to 2030
Figure 3: Key aspects of communication between the vehicle and charging infrastructure
Figure 4: Vehicle size and duty cycle aligned to powertrain
Figure 5: Well-to-wheel CO2 emissions by powertrain including source considerations
Figure 6: Comparative drivetrain costing per percentage point CO2 reduction
Figure 7: Well-to-wheel powertrain costs relative to conventional
Figure 8: Limited garage access bring issues to many countries
Figure 9: The relative attractiveness of vehicle in Germany 2010
Figure 10: The relative attractiveness of vehicle in China 2010
Figure 12: Fuel economy standards to 2015 for selected countries (US mpg)
Figure 13: WTI crude oil prices (US$ per barrel, monthly average 2010 dollars), 2001 – March 2012
Figure 14: US Regular Gasoline prices January 2011 to March 2012
Figure 15: Comparison of average well-to-wheel CO2 emissions of ICEs with those of EVs powered by the average EU electricity mix
Figure 16: Fuel chain efficiency rates for ICE and EV vehicles
igure 17: Level 2 charging units from Advanced Energy
Figure 18: SAE J1772 Connectors
Figure 19: SAE J1772 Combined Plug
Figure 20: WPT charging schematic
Figure 21: Evatran’s aftermarket available charging system
Figure 22: California summer peak loading with unmanaged EV charging scenario
Figure 23: California summer peak loading with work and home EV charging scenario
Figure 24: California summer peak loading with 50% acceptance of differential pricing for EV charging scenario
Figure 25: California summer peak loading with differential pricing for EV charging scenario
Figure 26: Rapidly converging powertrain costs
Figure 27: Lithium-ion battery pack cost breakdown
Figure 28: Lithium-ion battery cell costs breakdown
Figure 29: Battery costs to OEMs at low volumes
Figure 30: Global battery manufacturing relationships
Figure 30: European and US consumer expectations of plug-in hybrid range (miles)
Fgure 31: EV driving range as a function of ambient temperature
Figure 32: Percentage of daily journeys (km) by country
Figure 35: Changes and opportunities in the automotive value chain
Figure 36: Growth of EV charging facilities in China
Figure 37: The vehicle electrification value chain
Figure 38: A better place switch station
Figure 39: A Blink charger facility linked to Cisco’s Home Energy Controller
Figure 40: Plug-in vehicle production forecast to 2019 by region
Figure 41: EV and REEV production forecast to 2019 by region
Figure 42: Plug-in vehicle production forecast to 2019 by type
Figure 43: Plugged-in vehicle market forecast – business-as-expected scenario
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